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Objective:To investigate the application of mind map combined with daily mini-clinical evaluation exercise in standardized training of gynecological residents.Methods:A total of 100 trainees who received standardized training in Department of Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, were selected as subjects, and they were divided into control group (traditional teaching) and observation group (mind map combined with daily mini-clinical evaluation exercise) according to the order by which they entered the department for training, with 50 trainees in each group. After teaching, the two groups were compared in terms of assessment results of clinical practice exercise and degree of satisfaction with teaching. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for the t-test. Results:After the application of mind map combined with daily mini-clinical evaluation exercise in the standardized training of gynecological residents, compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher assessment results of inquiry ability, specialized physical examination, clinical diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment regimen, clinical practice ability, communication ability, clinical thinking ability, decision-making ability for clinical issues, and overall performance ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher levels of mastery of clinical inquiry ability, specialized physical examination, development of diagnosis and treatment regimen, doctor-patient communication ability, and clinical practice ability, as well as a significantly higher overall teaching satisfaction score ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Mind map combined with daily mini-clinical evaluation exercise is a simple and feasible teaching method and can help to improve the comprehensive clinical practice ability of trainees receiving standardized residency training, and therefore, it holds promise for application in teaching.
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Objective@#To explore the association between exposure to bedroom night light during sleep and emotional symptoms in children and provide a scientific basis for subsequent effective prevention and intervention.@*Methods@#In December 2021, 1 926 students from grades 4 to 6 were recruited to conduct a student questionnaire survey in two primary schools in Tianchang of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province. The data, including general demographic information, use of night lights and curtains, emotional symptoms, and other information, was collected. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the correlation between night light use and children s emotional symptoms.@*Results@#The reporting rates of depression symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms, social phobia, and obsessive compulsive symptoms of the children were 2.5%, 2.6%, 3.4% and 2.5%, respectively. About 12.6% of children often sleep with a night light on, and 22.0% of children did not close the curtains. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that frequent sleep with night lights was associated with an increased risk of depression symptoms( OR=2.29, 95%CI = 1.04- 5.03), social phobia ( OR=1.93, 95%CI =1.02-3.64) and obsessivecompulsive symptoms ( OR=3.44, 95%CI =1.72-6.88) in children( P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#There is a positive correlation between bedroom night light exposure during sleep and the detection rate of children s emotional symptoms. The attention should be paid to bedroom light environment of children during sleep to reduce the adverse effects of night light exposure on the mental health.
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Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) can bind to adiponectin (AdipoQ) secreted by adipose tissue to participate in various physiological functions of the body. In order to explore the role of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in amphibians infected by Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah), the genes adipor1 and adipor2 of Rana dybowskii were cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and analyzed by bioinformatics. The tissue expression difference of adipor1 and adipor2 was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and an inflammatory model of R. dybowskii infected by Ah was constructed. The histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining); the expression profiles of adipor1 and adipor2 after infection were dynamically detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The results show that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are cell membrane proteins with seven transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic tree also shows that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 cluster with the amphibians in the same branch. qRT-PCR and Western blotting results show that adipor1 and adipor2 were up-regulated at different levels of transcription and translation upon Ah infection, but the response time and level were different. It is speculated that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 participate in the process of bacterial immune response, providing a basis for further exploring the biological functions of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in amphibians.
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Animals , Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism , Phylogeny , Adiponectin/metabolism , Cloning, Molecular , Ranidae/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effect of educational intervention based on timing theory on mothers of premature infants.Methods:Using the convenience sampling method, 80 mothers of premature infants hospitalized in the Neonatology Department of Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities from May 2019 to October 2020 were included in this study. According to the time of admission, they were divided into the control group (42 cases) and the observation group (38 cases). The mothers in the control group were given routine educational guidance during the hospitalization of premature infants, while the mothers in the observation group were given comprehensive educational intervention based on timing theory on the basis of the control group. The mothers′ caring ability during the transition period, breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding rate at a month after discharge, and mother′s coping ability at 3 months after discharge were compared between the two groups.Results:There were 35 cases in each group completed the study. The observation group scored (100.86 ± 6.22) on the maternal care ability of premature infants in transition period, and the control group scored (89.51 ± 4.17), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-8.97, P<0.05). The breastfeeding self-efficacy score of the observation group a month after discharge from hospital was (47.83 ± 2.54) points, which was higher than (41.20 ± 1.97) points of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-12.21, P<0.05). The breastfeeding rate a month after discharge in the observation group was 62.9% (22/35), which was higher than 37.1% (13/35) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.63, P<0.05). The maternal coping ability scores of the premature infants in the observation group and control group 3 months after discharge were (119.29 ± 6.03) and (113.66 ± 6.59) points respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-3.73, P<0.05). Conclusions:The educational intervention based on timing theory can help mothers of premature infants master the nursing knowledge and skills, strengthen the mother′s transitional care ability and post-discharge coping ability, improve the breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding rate of premature infants, promote and development the growth of premature infants, worthy of clinical application.
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Objective:To describe the current status quo of humanistic care quality of psychiatric nurses in China, analyze its influence factors, and explore the relationship between humanistic care quality, professional values and sense of organizational support of psychiatric nurses.Methods:Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method selected, totally 5 003 nurses from 43 the psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric department in general hispitals were investigated with general information questionnaire, Nursing Caring Characters Assessment Tool, Perceived Organizational Support Scale (POS) and Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R) from May to August, 2018.Results:In 5 003 psychiatric nurses, the total score of Nursing Caring Characters Assessment Tool was 4.21 ± 0.63. The humanistic care knowledge dimension and humanistic care ability dimension were better (4.27±0.65, 4.21 ± 0.63), while the humanistic care concept dimension and humanistic care perception dimension were weaker(4.16±0.66, 4.17±0.66). The results of structural equation model showed that personal background, care environment, sense of organizational support and professional values had influence on the humanistic care quality of psychiatric nurses, and the standardized total effect values were 0.047, 0.106, 0.508 and 0.512 respectively.Conclusions:The overall level of humanistic care quality of psychiatric nurses is good, but there is still room for further improvement, especially the concept and perception of humanistic care. in order to meet the growing needs of the public for nursing services and the needs of nursing professional development and discipline development, caring for the environment, personal background, sence of organizational support and professional values are important factors affecting the quality of humanistic care of psychiatric nurses.
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The clinical data of 4 patients with atypical neurosyphilis (NS) mimicking viral encephalitis (VE) admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital from July 2015 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All the 4 patients were males with an average age of (43±8) years. The patients manifested with mental and behavior disorders and cognitive impairment. Three patients had epilepsy and 1 patient had fever. The treponemal pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) , fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test (FTA-ABS) -IgG and toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) were all positive in blood and the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) , and white blood cell count and protein level in CSF were all evaluated. The head MRIs were all abnormal, 3 of which showed hyperintensity in fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2-weighted image located in limbic system and 1 showed hyperintensity in the bilateral cortex and the subcortical areas. All patients improved evidently and the lesions became smaller after penicillin treatment. Atypical NS mimicking VE is rare, and at early diagnosis and timely treatments can contribute to a good clinical prognosis.
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Objective:To explore the effect of positive psychology theory on recovering patients with alcohol dependence.Methods:According to the order of admission, 60 patients with alcohol dependence in convalescence were divided into intervention group and control group, 30 cases each. The control group received only routine treatment for alcohol dependence. In addition to conventional treatment, the intervention group also underwent positive psychological treatment for 5 weeks to evaluate the changes in social support, negative automatic thinking, psychological craving, attention bias and other aspects at pre-baseline, week 1, week 3, and week 5 of treatment.Results:The positive psychology therapy had a good effect on the social support of alcohol-dependent patients. Except for the difference in the degree of support utilization in the intervention group ( P>0.05), the difference in other indicators was statistically significant ( F values were 1.653 - 6.571, P <0.01), while the difference in the subjective support score in the control group was statistically significant ( F value was 5.445, P<0.01). The time factors of repeated measurement anova showed that the total score of social support, objective support, subjective support, utilization of support, total score of automatic thinking and visual desire score were significantly different with the increase of treatment times ( F values were 3.324 - 17.153, P<0.01 or 0.05). The interaction between the total score of social support, subjective support, visual desire and intervention measures was significant ( F values were 9.331 - 17.578, P<0.01). The intergroup factors showed that the intervention measures had positive effects on the total score of social support, objective support, total score of automatic thinking and visual desire between the two groups, with statistically significant differences ( F values were 3.865-12.061, P<0.01 or 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in response time of cue words, negative word response time and neutral word response time before intervention ( P> 0.05), and the response time of cue words in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group after intervention ( t value was -3.148, P<0.01). Before intervention in the intervention group and control group in the cue word correctly, negative word correctly, neutral accuracy differences of no statistical significance ( P > 0.05), after intervention intervention group negative word accuracy was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 2.298, P<0.05), and after the intervention intervention group neutral accuracy is higher than the control group, difference was statistically significant ( t value was 2.010, P<0.05). Conclusions:Positive psychological therapy can enhance the social support of alcohol-dependent patients, reduce the automatic thinking of patients, reduce the craving, and change the attention bias of alcohol-dependent patients, providing a basis for clinical research.
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Objective@#To evaluate the European Heart Surgery Risk Assessment System (EuroSCORE II), the US National Cardiovascular Registry Database Risk Score System (NCDRCathPCI Risk Score System), and the age, creatinine, and left ventricular ejection fraction (ACEF) score for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE) in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of 404 consecutive patients with postoperative PCI patients scored and early prognosis. Calibration was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test, and discrimination was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.@*Results@#There were 17 cases (4.21%) of MACCE. EuroSCORE II, NCDRCathPCI, and ACEF predicted the area under the ROC curve of elderly patients with PCI after surgery were 0.871, 0.785, and 0.744, respectively (P < 0.01); the difference between EuroSCORE II and ACEF was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The EuroSCORE II and NCDRCathPCI scoring systems predict good MACCE calibration (EuroSCORE II: 5.14, 95% CI 4.63-5.70; NCDRCathPCI: 4.71, 95% CI 4.47-4.97); and the ACEF scoring system underestimates MACCE. The number of cases (ACEF: 49.41 cases, 95% CI 19.57-124.97).@*Conclusions@#For the elderly patients with postoperative PCI, all three scores can better predict the occurrence of postoperative in-hospital MACCE, and the predictive value of EuroSCORE II is better.
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Objective To evaluate the European Heart Surgery Risk Assessment System (EuroSCORE II), the US National Cardiovascular Registry Database Risk Score System (NCDRCathPCI Risk Score System), and the age, creatinine, and left ventricular ejection fraction (ACEF) score for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE) in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A retrospective analysis of 404 consecutive patients with postoperative PCI patients scored and early prognosis. Calibration was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test, and discrimination was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. ResuLts There were 17 cases (4.21%) of MACCE. EuroSCORE II, NCDRCathPCI, and ACEF predicted the area under the ROC curve of elderly patients with PCI after surgery were 0.871, 0.785, and 0.744, respectively (P < 0.01); the difference between EuroSCORE II and ACEF was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The EuroSCORE II and NCDRCathPCI scoring systems predict good MACCE calibration (EuroSCORE II: 5.14, 95% CI 4.63-5.70; NCDRCathPCI: 4.71, 95% CI 4.47-4.97); and the ACEF scoring system underestimates MACCE. The number of cases ( ACEF: 49.41 cases, 95% CI 19.57-124.97). ConcLusions For the elderly patients with postoperative PCI, all three scores can better predict the occurrence of postoperative in-hospital MACCE, and the predictive value of EuroSCORE II is better.
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Objective To explore the pancreatic kininogenase enteric-coated tablets in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients and its effect on the optic disc and macula retinal hemodynamics. Methods 86 cases (140 eyes) of DR patients were randomly divided into pancreatic kininogenase group and normal group with 43 cases in each group, two groups were treated with basic therapy, pancreatic kininogenase group were combined with pancreatic kininogenase treatment. The best corrected visual acuity and the clinical effect of optic disc and macula retinal hemodynamic changes were compared between two groups. Results After treatment, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in pancreatic kininogenase group was greater than the normal group (P<0.05), the retinal neovascularization and fluorescein leakage area in pancreatic kininogenase group was less than the normal group (P<0.05). The disc vascular and macular retinal blood flow volume (VOL), blood flow velocity (FLW)values in pancreatic kininogenase group were larger than those of normal group, and the clinical curative effect of pancreatic kininogenase group was better than that of normal group (P<0.05). Conclusion Pancreatic kininogenase enteric-coated tablets in the treatment of DR patients can improve the optic disc and macular retinal hemodynamic parameters, improve visual acuity and reduce the retinal neovascularization and fluorescein leakage area, so as to improve the clinical treatment effect.
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Objective To understand the training effect and discuss psychiatric nurse specialists training′s influence on the core competence and scientific research ability by investigating the working status of psychiatric nurse specialists with the Chinese Nursing Association certification, and in order to improve the quality of the psychiatric nurse specialists training experience. Methods 100 nurses who participated in the Chinese Nursing Association psychiatric nurse specialists training from 2010 to 2014 were chosen by random number table method. Surveyed with their core competence and scientific research ability after training to understand their working status. Results Eighty-eight valid questionnaires were recovered. Scores in core competence of nurses after training were 2.78 ± 0.55, which in the medium level;education background was the main influencing factor of core competence (t=-2.891, P<0.01). Average scientific research ability scores were 1.74 ± 0.88, which was in low level;education background and title were main influencing factors of scientific research ability (t=-3.310, F=5.922, P<0.01). After training, 62.5%(55/88) psychiatric specialist nurses undertook clinical and nursing work the night shift. 82.9%(73/88) of specialist nurse after back to the unit to undertake the teaching work. 52.2% (46/88) psychiatric specialist nurses carried out the scientific research work, and a total of 33 articles published. 79.5%(70/88) of specialist nurses thought hospital for junior nurses more seriously, 35.2% (31/88) of psychiatric specialist nurses′ units carried out the follow-up training. 6.8% (6/88) of hospital tilted in wages reward about nurse specialist, 18.2% (16/88) of hospital tilted in the cut about nurse specialist. Conclusions After training,psychiatric nurses play an important role in clinical care, research, teaching and other work, but their core competencies and research capabilities should to be improved by the further training of the hospital. Although the hospital attaches great importance to specialist nurses, but in the wage awards and title do not tilt.
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Objective To analyze the relationship between the level of serum calcium binding protein S 100A12 and the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) ,so as to provide a simple and reliable method for judging the severity of AP .Methods A total of 68 pa-tients with AP from January 2015 to January 2016 in Luzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as objects in this study ,and complete the examination after diagnosis ,modified CT severity index (MCTSI) was used to grade the severity ,serum calcium binding protein S100A12were tested and compared in patients with different disease grading .The ROC curve of different se-verity patients were made .Judging the severity of critical value according to the S 100A12 curve inflection point ,basing on the judg-ment of MCTSI ,the sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of S 100A12 in grading condition of AP were calculated ,then the value of S100A12 was evaluated .Results The level of S100A12 increased with MCTSI grade rising ,there were significant differences in S100A12 level between different grades patients(P<0 .05) .ROC curve analysis showed that the clinical limits of gradeⅠto Ⅲ were 26-80 ,81-260 ,>260 ng/mL respectively .The sensitivities accuracy of S100A12 judging grade Ⅰ ,grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ were 88 .89% ,94 .12% ,80 .00% ,the specificity were 75 .00% ,94 .12% ,96 .55% ,the accuracy were 82 .35% ,94 .12% ,94 .12% respec-tively .Conclusion The serum calcium binding protein S100A12 estimates is consistent with MCTSI for judging the severity condi-tion of AP .
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Objective To analyze the relationship between the level of serum calcium binding protein S 100A12 and the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) ,so as to provide a simple and reliable method for judging the severity of AP .Methods A total of 68 pa-tients with AP from January 2015 to January 2016 in Luzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as objects in this study ,and complete the examination after diagnosis ,modified CT severity index (MCTSI) was used to grade the severity ,serum calcium binding protein S100A12were tested and compared in patients with different disease grading .The ROC curve of different se-verity patients were made .Judging the severity of critical value according to the S 100A12 curve inflection point ,basing on the judg-ment of MCTSI ,the sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of S 100A12 in grading condition of AP were calculated ,then the value of S100A12 was evaluated .Results The level of S100A12 increased with MCTSI grade rising ,there were significant differences in S100A12 level between different grades patients(P<0 .05) .ROC curve analysis showed that the clinical limits of gradeⅠto Ⅲ were 26-80 ,81-260 ,>260 ng/mL respectively .The sensitivities accuracy of S100A12 judging grade Ⅰ ,grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ were 88 .89% ,94 .12% ,80 .00% ,the specificity were 75 .00% ,94 .12% ,96 .55% ,the accuracy were 82 .35% ,94 .12% ,94 .12% respec-tively .Conclusion The serum calcium binding protein S100A12 estimates is consistent with MCTSI for judging the severity condi-tion of AP .
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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of cerebral syphilitic gunma.Method The clinical characteristics,brain CT and MRI results and prognosis of 7 patients with cerebral syphilitic gumma admitted in Beijing Ditan Hospital from June 2012 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 5 females and 2 males in 7 patients.The symptoms or signs at onset were headache (n =5),increased white blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid (n =6) and increased protein contents in cerebrospinal fluid (n =6).Total 10 lesions were detected in 7 cases,including 7 in cerebral lobe,and 3 in cerebellum,corpus callosum or intercrural space.The brain MRI showed nodular reinforcement in 5 cases,irregular circular reinforcement in 2 cases and obvious edema around the lesions in 6 cases.The patients were given intravenous infusion of 400 million units common penicillin,q.4h for 2 wks,sequential intramuscular injection of 240 million units long-term penicillin q.w for 3 wks.Among 7 patients,1 case died,1 case showed symptomatic improvement and 5 cases obtained complete improvement with the significant imaging improvement.Conclusion Headache is the most common symptom at onset of cerebral syphilitic gumma,and the lesions mostly are located in the cerebral lobes with nodular enhancement in brain imaging,and the prognosis is generally good.
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Objective To investigate the effects of the milrinone in adjuvant treatment of intractable heart failure.Methods 60 cases of patients with intractable heart failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to hospitalization sequence,30 cases each group.The control group was given conventional therapy for heart failure,the observation group based on the use of milrinone.Changes of cardiac function index,NT-proBNP were compared between two groups before and after medication,and recorded the adverse reactions and the efficacy evaluation.Results After taking drugs,HR,LVEDD of the two groups were significantly decreased(t =5.31,5.92,4.61,4.22,all P ＜ 0.05),SV,LVEF and 6 minutes walking distance increased significantly(t =7.22,4.78,8.78,4.56,4.11,4.05,all P ＜ 0.05) ; group HR,LVEDD were significantly lower than those in the control group(t =4.31,4.92,all P ＜0.05).SV,LVEF and 6-minute walking distance was significantly higher than that in the control group(t =4.31,4.92,4.11,all P ＜ 0.05).After taking drugs,the observation group NT-proBNP levels decreased significantly than before treatment (t =14.55,P ＜ 0.05),and significantly lower than that in the control group (t =7.12,P ＜ 0.05).No significant change in NT-proBNP levels before and after treatment in control group was found (t =1.03,P ＞ 0.05).The observation group in the total effective rate was 93.33 ％ (28/30),the control group was 63.33％ (19/30),the difference was statistically significant(x2 =5.26,P ＜ 0.05).5 cases of adverse reactions to the observation group,4 patients in the control group,no significant difference in the adverse reactions was found between the two groups (x2 =0.67,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Low dose,short-term use of milrinone can make the heart function of patients with refractory heart failure was obviously improved,significantly improve the efficacy with higher safety.
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Objective To compare the clinical effect of UK and rt-PA intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.Methods By SAS statistical analysis system,72 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into rt-PA group and UK group,each group had 36 cases.The coronary artery recanalization rate,bleeding events,adverse cardiovascular events,mortality,and cardiac troponin T(cTnT) level were recorded.Results In rt-PA group,0.5h,1 h,2h after the start of thrombolytic therapy,the coronary artery recanalization rate was significantly higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.32,6.12,5.81,all P ＜ 0.05).In rt-PA group,3 cases had bleeding events,2 cases died,and in UK group,5 cases had bleeding events,3 cases died,,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2 =1.22,P ＞ 0.05).In rt-PA group,there were 6 cases with adverse cardiovascular events,14 cases in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.56,P＜0.05).2 cases died in rt-PA group,3 cases died in UK group,the mortality between the two groups had no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The cTnT level in the hospital 6h,12h was significantly higher than admission in two groups (t =6.67,6.30,4.11,4.22,4.40,all P ＜ 0.05).In rt-PA group,cTnT level in the hospital 6h,12h was significantly lower than that in UK group (t =5.92,6.61,all P ＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with UK,rt-PA in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction can increase recanalization rate,decrease adverse events and myocardial injury,it is worthy of clinical application.
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Between May 2009 and February 2012,60 patients scheduled for laparoscopic appendectomy were randomly assigned to receive either transumbilical single-port laparoscopic appendectomy (TUSPLA) or three-port laparoscopic appendectomy (TPLA).The operative duration was significantly longer in TUSPLA than TPLA cases.No statistically significant differences existed in hospital stay,visual analog scale (VAS) score,analgesia requirement or complication rate.The abdominal scar was inconspicuous for TUSPLA.It suggested that TUSPLA with conventional instrumentation is technically feasible and safe with scarless healing.
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Objective To determine the impact of smoking on the clinical outcomes in male patients with chronic schizophrenia and explore management strategies for the smoking behavior of inpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods Ninety-nine male inpatients with chronic schizophrenia including 53 smokers and 46 non-smokers were enrolled in the study. The patients' psychotic conditions were evaluated by using Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) and Nurses Observation Scale for In-patient Evaluation (NOSIE). Results Compared with non-smokers, the total score and negative sub-score of PANSS as well as psychotic, tardive, total passive factor scores of NOSIE in smokers were significantly lower (P<0.05) .while the social function, social interest, total positive factor scores of NOSIE in smokers were significantly higher (P<0.05). However, the cigarette smoking dose was not correlated with the scores of PANSS and NOSIE (P>0.05). Conclusions Smoking may be a self-treatment behavior for patients with chronic schizophrenia. Furthermore, "divert" may be beneficial for the recovery.
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Objective To explore the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with TLR4 Asp299Gly functional variant. Method The literature about RA and TLR4 Asp299Gly functional variant were searched and the meta-analysis was performed. Results Three studies enrolled 718 RA patients and 1392 controls in total. The analysis showed that the TLR4 Asp299Gly functional variant was neither associated with the susceptibility of RA [OR=1.23 (0.67, 2.25), P=0.5]; nor associated with SE or RF [OR=0.67 and 1.02 respectively]; while the TLR4 Asp299Gly functional variant was associated with the age of onset [OR=-4.35 (-7.45, -1.25), P=0.006]. Conclusion The meta-analysis reveals that the TLR4 Asp299Gly functional variant is not associated with the susceptibility of RA, but the onset of RA is earlier in the AA type than those in the AG type. Further prospective corhort studies should be carreied out in the future, especially in oriential people.
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Objective To explore the role of toll like receptors-2 and toll like receptors-4 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Methods The expression rate and intensity of TLR2 and TLR4 on the CD14 positive monocytes in peripheral blood (PBMC) of 32 RA patients were determined by multi-colore immunofluorescence flow cytometry. Results ①The expression rate and intensity of TLR2 and TLR4 on the CD14 positive monocytes in peripheral blood of RA patients were higher than that of normal control. ② There was no difference in the expression pattern between the early stage RA group and the late stage RA group. ③The intensity of TLR2, but not TLR4 was correlated with serum CRP level. Conclusion The results indicate that innate immunomolecules such as TLR2 and TLR4 may be involved both in the initiation stage and perpetuating stage of RA.